Osteoporosis is a serious, potentially life-threatening disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue. This deterioration occurs because of an imbalance in bone homeostasis. Changes in endogenous hormone levels and external mechanical forces converge to disregulate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, resulting in decreased bone formation or increased bone resorption. As a result, osteoporosis increases the risk of fracture for 44 million Americans1, most of whom may not even know they are at risk.
The spine is one of the most common sites where osteoporosis-related fractures occur. Increased bone porosity and decreased bone strength adversely affect the ability of the vertebral body to withstand compressive loads. The affected vertebra gradually collapses.
Approximately 700,0002 vertebral compression fractures (VCF) are attributed annually to osteoporosis, which is more than twice the number3 of any other type of osteoporosis-related fracture including hip fractures.
Vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis can occur with minimal trauma. Stepping out of the shower or even sneezing vigorously can cause a VCF in patients with severe osteoporosis.
The impact of VCF on patient quality of life can be substantial, resulting in pain and deformity that limit mobility and the ability to perform activities of daily living. Patients with VCF may experience severe back pain, loss of height, and spinal deformities including kyphosis. Furthermore, they have a 23% to 34%4 increased risk of mortality within 8 years, the most common cause of death being pulmonary disease.
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1,2,3National Osteoporosis Foundation. Fast Facts. Available at: http://www.nof.org/.
4The Cleveland Clinic. Surgical treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Available at: http://www.clevelandclinic.org/.