Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive medical procedure for relieving pain due to vertebral compression fracture (VCF) due to osteoporosis.
With the patient under intravenous or general anesthesia, the surgical technique for kyphoplasty, also called balloon assisted vertebroplasty, begins with the placement of a cannula using a transpedicular or parapedicular approach and guided by fluoroscopy. A tube is then inserted into the center of the vertebral body to the site of the fracture, and a balloon tamp is introduced through the tube into the space and inflated. When the balloon is subsequently deflated and removed, the resulting cavity that is formed is filled with bone cement, which hardens within minutes, stabilizing the vertebra.
Kyphoplasty is indicated for the treatment of pain due to VCF. It is contraindicated in patients with local or systemic infections, retropulsed bone fragments, or tumor extending into the epidural space. Patients with severely collapsed vertebrae may not be candidates for kyphoplasty, as this may prevent insertion of the balloon tamp.
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